I had similar happen on my A6 2.0tdi just before Christmas, the idler pulley bearings disintegrate and the pulley falls apart, they will rattle a bit before hand (maybe a couple of weeks maybe longer), if you are fortunate and not going at speed you shouldn't cause too much damage, possibly just the belt and the idler pulley will need replacing. Unfortunately on the 2.0tdi (may be different on other engines) the whole of the front end needs to be put into the service position to get to the idler pulley, which is under tray down, bumper off, headlamps out and core support slid forwards to put it into the service position, if you don't have the slide bolts that VAG and ELSAWIN recommend you can always use 2 of the vertical bolts holding the bumper bar to core support, there are 2 vertical bolts either side, use 1 from each side. The idler pulley bolt is a spline key, it takes about 2.5hrs to strip down, replace idler pulley and belt and refit all the other parts removed, make sure though to mark the position of headlamps to each side with masking tape so as they go back in the correct position and not to turn the headlight adjusters when undoing or redoing up the headlamp securing bolts, otherwise it is bumper off to re-adjust them at a later date