I've been reading up...
Silicate has always been needed since aluminium-based parts were introduced c.1996, to prevent aluminium surface corrosion (such in as the rads / heater matrix!). It was introduced post-cast iron blocks and brass rads etc.
I also have an A3, a 2011, that also does not appear to have the bag -at least it does not have 'Mit Silicat' on the expansion tank and uses G12 (pink or red) coolant. I do wonder if the bag or reservoir is there, just the marking is missing. I say this because G12 does not contain silicates apparently hence supplemented silicate would logically be needed.
FWIW - G12 is made of 5% distilled water, ethylene glycol alcohol, 2+ carboxylate compounds and a colourant. G12 life is 4-5 years / 80k miles. G12 freezes at -50c, boils at 118c.
G12+ (red) and G12++ (purple, c.2008) are also available and are long-life organic coolants and do contain silicates combined with carboxylate to overcome the weakness of G12 that only works when corrosion has appeared.
You shouldn't mix G12 with G12+ (and def not with G11) or even G13, etc., so full flush out is needed if using different to what is in the system. Everything I read recommends sticking with the recommended coolant and not to mix - although moving from the recommended G12 to G13 on a full system flush basis is generally acceptable but usual caveats apply (check first etc).
I also have 2015 Golf that does have 'Mit Silicat' (so will be swapping its expansion tank as a precaution!) using G13 coolant. The main difference in G13 is Propylene Glycol (less harmful to the environment when disposed but also in its production) and like G12+/++, contains silicate. G13 came into force c.2012, freezes at -69c, boils at 175c and has a similar life span to G12.
A change of the coolant colour from its original (bright orange, purple, red, pink) indicates it is losing its protective properties.
With all that said, having gone down a rabbit hole on coolant and silicate bags and what-not, I am still no closer to knowing why my A4 does not have heat on the driver's side!