The springs (there are several of them,) separate the two lumps of metal that constitute a DMF, thus providing some rotary cushioning between them. The arangement is similar to those in a clutch friction plate if you are familiar with one of those. When one or more springs break, the two lumps of metal (the dual masses in other words) smash against each other, which is why you hear a rattle initially that soon becomes a knock as more metal disintegrates.